Rotary pump.



L. H. ROGERS.

, ROTARY PUMP. APPLIOATION FILED 0OT.1, 1906.

B SHEETS-SHEET 1.

I 6mm, S

L. H. ROGERS.

ROTARY PUMP. APPLICATION FILED 00T.1, 1906 1,090,235. Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

8 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

L. H. ROGERS.

ROTARY PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED O0T.1. 190s.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

8 SHEETS-'BHBET 3.

L. H. ROGERS.

ROTARY PUMP.

APPLIOATIOH FILED 00121, 1900.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

lmnmfoz R SHEETS-SHEET 4.

i wl%x/ a,

Fi masses L. H. ROGERS.

Patented Mar. 17, 1914..

8 SHEETS-SHEET 5,

vir" gnucuroz L. H. ROGERS.

ROTARY PUMP.

APPLICATION mumooT. 1, 1906 [,O90,235. Patented Mar. 17,1914.

8 SHEETS-SHEET a.

nuanfoz o 6 18 19 d n 16 L. H. ROGERS.

ROTARY PUMP.

APPLICATION FILED 001. 1, 1m.

1,090,235. Patented Mar. 17, 1914.

BSHEETS-SHEET 7.

L. H. ROGERS.

ROTARY PUMP.

APPLIUAIION FILED 0(JT.1. 1906 1,090,235. Patented Mar.17,1914.

8 SHEETE-SHEIIT 8.

vided through slotted openings 10, 11 and 12 in inner Wall 6, and through the two 10 in wall 6 extends only around the upper half of the innerwall or shield, and passages 11 and 12 in wall 6 only occupy the lower half of the same, the combined area of the openings of the latter through wall 6 being about equal to that of passage 10.

Piston drum 7' which is keyed to shaft 8 is provided with a plurality of piston channels l5, 1G, 17 and 18, radially disposed with reference to the axis of the drum. Air is admitted. to these channels from the exterior of the drum by means of one or more air inlet conduits whichmay be arranged in various Ways in relation to the drum, the one illustrated for the purpose consisting of valvecontrolled passages 19 which cominunicate with an air inlet through shaft 8 sh'ownin dotted lines, Fig. l, and more fully described in my. application Serial No. 309,001 above referred to. It is to-be understood, however, that I do not limit myself to this particular arrangement for air admission to the piston channels, as air may be admitted, for example, through or to the peripheral wall of the drum. The oil under reservoir pressure which enters the drum throughthe wall (3 by way of passages above described,-has access to the space between the end wall of the casing and the solid end wall of the drurnby Way of passages 20', 20, to thereby enable a counter pressure to he applied to the end Wall of the drum-.in' opposition to the lateral pressure exerted'by' the on inside the drum. Instead ofadmitting oil to the interior of the drum by. -peripheral passages-as shown, it may beadnnt ted through other passages, which will permit communication between the interior of the drum and the space surrounding the same H Within the piston channels 15, 16, 17 and 18 are pistons 19, 20, 21 and 22, which are caused to reciprocate therein. by means of cam slides 23, 24:, 25 and 26 to which they are pivotally connected, said slides glidiin over a cam surface 27' (Figs. 2 and 73 formed on a cam arm 28, Fig, 1, which may be integral with or separable from the end wallof the casing. The center or axis of thiscain surface is eccentric to that of the axis of the drum, audit is particularly to be noted that its surface is discontinuous, the bearing surface being on the air intake side of the piston drum or on the side opposite the delivery side of the piston channels and serves the double function of a cam and also of a pressure shield. The cain arm 28 is preferably provided with retaining side grooves 2) and 30, for gluing to the cam slides 323 greater steadiness of movement, and also to guide the slides over the dis- .The wider-surface of each cam wings :38 being; the

to enable fluid pressure to be applied to one or both sides of the wings at any desired part of their path "for the purpose o'l; balancing iluld pressure on the piston, on the body or the earn-slide, or to oppose the force. of inerua'ot the pistons as the latter are carried around by the. drum 7.

The cam slides 23 above reterred to may ,take on a Variety of forms one of which,

and the one preferred, is illustrated in Fig. 8, in'which the body of the cam slide is-pro- \ided with a recess for receiving a rocle ing member 34 supported. by a pivot 35. To member Set is secured a piston 22, for example, by means of? screws 36. Sunk in the sides of the cam slide may be grom'cs 37 the purpose of which is to reduce the iii'ictional contact oil the sides of the slide with the side faces in the cam arm 28. The body of the cam slide is preferably provided with side wings or flanges 38 also havm grooves 3.) for the purpose of further reducing Erictional contact. 'lhese wings extend beyond the cam body :23 both in front and to the rear, gwnig to the cam slide a greater steadiness of movement as it glidesover the cam surface 27. To secure in these wings a greater efficiency without giving to them. too great a length for the cant grooves, the endsof the wings on opposite sides have (been cut away to form recesses 40 :l'or re renting or meshing with the pro ectJng ends oi the wings of the next adjacent cain slide. slide is curved and has a radius of curvalture equal to that of the cam surface 27 over which itg'lidQS, the curve of theupper iac oi the me as that of the on 2,) and 30. I prclie ily face of the grooves provide the under face of each earn slide strains to parts of: the compressor and in reducing friction.

It is important in the. construction of the l c: in" slide and piston. that the surfaces ol these two members which are to be affected by pressures normal to the surfaces of the cam shields 6 and 27 be of substantially equal areas lnorder that the resultant of too such pressures be reduced to a minimum and yet be able to exert a retaining influence suliieient to hold the cam slide to its place as it glides over the lam arm surface 27. When the two members 22, 23 are thus eonstruetml, the "are of piston will have an are: substantially equal to that of the under-side of the cam body 23 and the ell'eet of pit-assures on the opposing lj'aees of members 22. 23 will be praeti :ally neut alized.

Referring to Figs. 1, 2 and 3, I have shown in Fig. 3 means for steadying the pistons in their recipreration, such as pins all passing tl'irough the drum and entering guide "reeves 42 in the earn arm, one at each end. Such pins may, however, be omitted. To balance the reservoir pressure on the drum to prevent periphe -al thrusts ot the drum .shat't against its bearings, I have provided pressure-shielding means .snrh as a pressure shield t3 snugly fitting over the drum and shielding it from such pressure exetq'n'. at points exposed through slots; 0, 11 and 12. The pressures at these points of the drum are, however, balanced because the eon'ibined area of the slots 11 and t2 made equal to that of the air, gas or fluid delivery slot 10, and beeause further at tne fart that the eonibined areas ol' the assages 13 equal the sum of the IUt-HH ol' the openings of the piston ehannels 13. H3,

'17 and 18, the reservoir pressures normal to the -ylindrio:l surl'are ot the drmn are. (:oinplelely balaneed inside and outside of the same. The pre sures on opposite sides ol the end wall of piston drum 7 are obviously balaneed emepl'. 'l'or a eres ent-shaped ar'a about the hub lit. This area i.-; the dill'er' enre hetween that of the end ol' the hub l t and] that of the end of the rap ll on the end ot' the cam arm The center or axis oi the *am arm 2% being errentrio to that ol' the lnlb -53. this dill'erenre in are: is in Form ot a rresrent l l, hip. -'l. The resulting r servoir pressure on surh ar a would tend t how: the drum to the loll, against the end o't' (cap ll on ram arm 2%. 'lhis (-reaeent piwh i pri-.l'rrabl lllil l a part ol' the end wall (it the ea ing. though it may be made separable and rdtflll'ltl thereto in any suitabl manta-r but lllll -t be ol tluarea above indir-ated. .\s thus arrangerl, the re ervoir pr s ures on the drum are r-ompletely balanl-rd, thereby greatly reduring' 'trirtion and wear at the slug l't' bearings; and a voiding;- the use ol means tor balanring pressnres on the slut l't bearings. ln, Iny appliralion hit-rial No. I shown and du -:(-ribetl various l'orms ol pressure shields tor the purpose named, aml have broadly rlainied the same therein.

For the purpose of assembling the several parts of the pump, reference is had to l ie'. The -:un slides 23 with the pistons it) and. removed are arranged around the am shield 2509 001. liled March 20. 19516. I have.

i igr ht overla'daurine 27 with the -am wings 3o resting in the reeess or groove 30 in the ram arm The rap 31 is then secured on the end of cam arm 25 to retain the ram plates in place. The drum T is keyed to its shalt S and then shoved into the shield ll. 'lhe end plate 1) rarryin; the ram arm and ram slides is now made last to the and ol the pump irasiugr tahing rare that the renter ol' the (:am and that of the shalt lie in a horizontal line. The pistons are next inlrodured into their pi-ton rbaunels through slot .10 and secured to the rot-hers .H on the ram slides al'ter whirb the dome ol the easing is bolted down, when the pump will have the external app airanee as shown in Fig. t'. in event it. is desired to construct the dome integral with the easing, then a manhole may be provided in the dome.

The operation of the pump as thus far deseribtal is as follows: Assume that the pis= tons have tale-n the position shown in Fig l and i5, and that a liquid such as oil lills the. interior spae s of the drum 7 and rises in the easing high enough to cover the piston rhannel openings olf the same. Power is now applied to the shaft 8 through any suit able means to rotate the iiston drum in the dirertion indirited by t he arrow, Fig. 2. The outer end of piston channel 18 is out oil' from (communieating' with the space eontaining oil under reservoir IH'tE-HflHC. .liston lf) is moving inward on the 'adius ot' the drum 7 and begins to take in air'through valved passage 1!). 'lhe reservoir pressure is lending to loree the ram slide 26 inward against the l lltt' of ram 27 while a pressure substantially equal to aml l)[)l)ll.-llt! in dire tion is tending to form: the piston outward. The two tendrin-ies are therel'ore equalized in the position of the piston and (Hill slide at the moment of beginning and ending of the intake stroke. The reservoir pressure ll$l no arress to the rear ol' the ram slide as. the under HHtahe ol' the latter is shielded l'roni sur-h ])l'l.-.\lll't by in -ans ol' the shieldin notion ol the cam Face 97. The pressure on the rear ol' the piston has thus been prartii'ally removed, leaving atniospherio pres sure on the tare ol the piston on the air lllillht side ol the drum as lhis piston is carllt'll down and around to the delivery side. ll will be observed however. that as the pis ten 1!) approarhes a point about ninety dee rors away from its first point, the pressure on the (:Hlll slide does not quite diametrieally tiiilllht' that on the piston. and 'l'or this reason it is prel'erable to make the surface of the ram slide \\'llit'li is exposed to reservoir pressure slightly larger than that of the ])l.-il1(!ll l'aee opposing it to thereby assure a pressure of the rain slide against the fare of the -am. Although I have shown (rain wings on the cam slides and prefer to employ the same, yet. in some constructions of the compressor it evidentthat they may be omitted, and reliance placed on a slight predominating pressure,

as above ex 'ilaincd, to hold the slides against the cam fare 21'. On the arrival of the pis ton 19 at the 0nd of its intake stroke Where it takes the position of piston 21, With its piston channel 16, the latter is about to deliver its charge of air into the space within the casing through slot 10. At this moment the cam slide is about to move off the cam face 27. The discharge of the air from the piston channel is effected at the next advance of the drum and Without any appreciable compression within the channel itself, because the discharge end. of the channel opens without the interposition of any restricted passage-way directly and almost instantly into-the space within the casin All local heating of the piston drum is, therefore avoided. To thus introduce the contents of the piston channel into the reservoir without compression in the channel is an important feature of any invention, as it enables the air in the piston 'channcl on the delivery side of the pump to be transferred and ab sorbed into a, large volume of air at a higher pressi'ire without appreciably heating the walls of the piston cl'iannels or pa sages. l iu-t-heriruu-c, as the inward moving pistons on. the air intake side displace the oil in the reservoir to make room for the charge of air in the pi stun channel, there is a momentary compressing of the air in the air space above the oil. The resulting heat of corn prcssion is distributed through an extended space and is dissipated practicallyas fast as produced, thereby e'lfectlng compression at the uniform temperature. of the incoming air. thereby saving power and avoiding'lost worlc' At the moment the piston channel 16 delivers its ontcnts of air through slot 10. the cam slide moves over the edge of the cam face 2'7, thereby exposing the previously protected back or rear of the slide to r c eri'oir pressure. The piston with its (am slide is now guided through the oil without expenditure of energy except that necessary to overcome friction to the point of starting to a gain repeat its cycle (if operations.

When the for ard portion of the cam slide b4 is to si ian or lap over the cam face lth advance to the air intalteside of compi "or, thechamberfifi in the unlcr-side of the body portion of the. camslide C( 1)!lllllllltzlieg freely with the oil space i f the drum, thereby enabling reservoir sure lo be applied to the underside of in cam-slide and over an area substantially ermaling the-= css-secti'on of the piston at lied-to the slide. Pressures on the outer l inner faces of the cam-slide are, thereiore. in large measure-balanced .up to the mome t whcn the rear edge of the slide onto the cam face 27, and the piston gases absorbed in the oil.

mo est;

face and lnick'ofthe cam slide are cut oil from reservoir pressure, thereby enabling an easy seating of the advancing slide on the cam face without friction, jar or strain on any part of the drum. A similar function is performed by the chamber 26" when the cam slide passes off the cam face on the opposite side of the drum.

It is sometimes desirable, as in the case of rapid air compression to provide cooling means for the compressed gas, and to this.

end I have illustrated in Fig. 9 a reservoir provided with a fluted bottom for giving a greater cooling surface to be secured on top of the pump casing, serving also as a dome for the compressor. A constant (ZIlIGtb lation of the cooling medium may be main tained through the inlet and outlet pipes 46 and 4-7. v I

In. order tofurther reduce friction of the cam slides, I may provide the same with anti-friction. bearings such as rollers 48,

shown in Fig. 11-.- I do not confine myself,

however, to rollers for this purpose, as ball bearlngs may be used with equal advantage. In 15 and 16, I have shown the o l receiving cavity in the cam slide as being provided with means for automatic enlargement. This means may be used when it desired to overcome the expansive force of After the cam slide passes onto the cam face 27, a small volume of oil previously'liinder reservoir pressure is confined within the chamber This oil especially when high pressures are reached. may contain absorbed. or dissolved gases which Will expand and exert an outward pressure on the underside of the can1- slide and have a tendency ,to unbalance the pressures thereon. The oil itself being practically mieompressible will exert no such rnlbalancing effect. To overcome this pres sure of the expanding gases, 1, have provided compensating means, as shown in Figs. 15 and 16, in which an expansion chamber 419 communicates with the cam.

space :26 and contains a reciprocating; plunger 50. This plunger is provided with resilient means such as a spring 51 arranged to normally retain the plunger in its charm ber -49, while offering only slight resistance to av force tending to thrust it outward. In the .face of one of the guide grooves in the cam arm 28 made a small groove 51. This gn'oove extends along and follows the curve of the cam face 27 on the atmosphere side of the drum. \N'hen the cam slide reaches the position. of cam 26 (Fig. 2) the plunger would be opposite the entrance end of ,l'roove 51. Theronfined gas in space 26 of ploy in connection. with the latter piston bars and secure the advantages of this in vention. In Figs. '12and 13, I have shown cam barsv 52 in connection .with the cam slides. Each bar is provided with the usual cam rollers 53 which run in grooves 54 concentric with the'axis'of the cam arm 2.8. Slots 55 are provided jn the end of the drum for the reciprocation of the bars in' The drum 7 is preferably made in a single for balancing the pump delivery pressure 1 piece by casting, though it may be made in two parts and the parts secured together. The open ends of the drums face the end walls of the casing'and their closed ends are connected to each other and secured fast to the power shaft 8. In other respects the construction and operation of the pump are the same as previously described. Such a pump has the advantage of rapid compression, and at the same time can be run without any substantial increase in heating.

\Vhat I claim is:

1. In a pump, the combination of a re= ciprocating piston having one face exposed to reservoir pressure during, its double stroke, a stationary surface and a sliding member adapted to be held against said sur face by reservoir pressure while the piston is taking in a charge of fluid, said member engaging said piston and applying thereto reservoir pressure in opposition to said pressure.

2. In a pump, .thecombination of a revoluble piston carrying drum, a piston therein, means for reciprocatinp, said piston, and means subject to pump delivery pres sure for counteracting-the force of said preson one face of the piston While the pistoo taking in a charge of fluid.

3. In an air and gas pump, the combination of a revoluble piston carrying, drum, a piston therein, means for reciprocating said ,itaen, means for counteracting the pump delivery pressure on one face of the piston 'wh" the piston is taking in a cnarge of fluid, and a pressure shield with n which said drum revolves and which relieves said ressure on said drum.

t. In a pump, the combination of :1. cas ing. a rcvolnliile drum therein provided with a piston channel having a full width openin tl'irough its walls into he casing, a camopcrated piston in said channel, and means on one face of said piston while the piston is taking in a. charge of fluid.

5. In a pump, the combination of a casing having an inlet and outlet, :1 rcvolublc drum therein having, piston channels opening through the walls of said drum, cam operatcdpistons in said channels, a cylindrical pressure shield for said drum having on one side a slot. registering with said piston channels and on the opposite side one or more slots having a. total area equal that of the first-mentioned slot. and out ot registry with said piston channels.

6. In a pump, the continuation of a reciproeatin piston, means for operating the same and means subject to previously stored up reservoir pressure operative during one stroke of the piston for relieving reservoir pressure on the piston.

7. In a pump, the combination with a casing;- having an inlet and outlet, a'revoluble drum therein having piston channels opening through the walls of said drum, cam-operated pistons in said channels, a cylindrical pressure shield for said drain having on one side a slot registering with said piston channels and on the opposite side one or more slots having a total area equal that of the tirst-mentioned slot and out of registry with said piston channels, and a plurality of openings in said drum circumfercntially arranged to register with said slots the 1 combined cross-sectional area equaling that of the piston channels.

8. In a pump, the combination of a casing having an inlet and outlet, a revoluble drum in open communication with said casing, piston channels opening through the nails of said drum, pistons in said channels, a cylindrical pressure shield for said drum having a slot registering-with said piston channels, a cam shield within said drum and cam slides subject to the delivery pressure of the pump and pivotally connected 'with said pistons.

'9. In a pump, the combination of a casing having an inlet and outlet, a revolublc drum in open communication with said casing, a cylindrical pressure shield intermediate said casing and drum, said drum having piston channels open successively to said inlet and outlet, pistons in said channels provided with cam slides subject to pressure within the casing and pivotally connected with said pistons, and a cam'shieid in said drum in operative relation with said slides.

10. In a pump,the combination of a casing having an inlet and outlet, a revolubh. drum therein having piston channels successively open to said inlet and outlet, pistons in said channels, cam slides subject to the delivery pressure of the pump and pivotally connected to said pistons, and a cam shield in operative relation with said slides.

11. In a pump, the combination of a cas- 3;, a piston carrving drum mounted on a chalt having hearings in the end Walls of said casing, a cam arm fast to one oi said end walls and having :1 segmental can: shield, cain slides pivotally connected to said pistons'and onga mg; said cam shields on the intake stroke of said pistons and passing oil id shield the delivery stroke oi the pistons. v 1

12. in a pump, the combination of a casing having an inlet and outlet, a drum revoluhly mounted therein. inopen communicatlon with said casing and having piston channels successively open to said inlet and outlet, pistons in said channels having their rear faces exposed to fluid pressure within the casing during a. complete revolutlonof the drum, means for reciprocating said pistons and means for counteracting said pressure on said faces during the intake stroke of said pistons.

In a pump, the combination of a casing, a drum mounted to rotate therein apisston in said drum one face ofsaid piston locing exposed to reservoir pressure during both strokes of the piston and the opposite face being exposed to said pressure during the delivery stroke only, a cam arm extending into druinhaving pressure shield thereon, a; earn operated slide pivotallyconnected to piston and movably held against said pressure shield during the \vorning stroke of said piston.

14. in a pump, the combination of a casing having an inlet and outlet, a revoluhle drum in said casing having apiston channel and a. piston in said channel, a cam arm extending into one end of said drum and having a circular channel therein eccentric to the drum axis, a cam slide having side flanges engaging said channel and pivotally connected to said piston, said slide being 'movahly held against the bottom of said,

7 channel by reservoir pressure during the 'rying drum mounted to rotate therein, a

cam arm provided with cam grooves and a pressure shield between them located. eccentrically of said drum, a cam slide engag ing said grooves pivotally connected to said piston and engaging said grooves and movably held against said shield during the Working stroke of said piston.

' v 17. In a pump, the-combination ola case mg having an inlet and outlet, a revoluble through the walls of the druminto the space Within the casing, a piston in said channel having its inner face exposed-to its intake and delivery stroke an havingboth its faces exposed to said reservoir pressure on its delivery stroke, and means Within the drum subject to reservoir pressure for applying a force to the piston to oppose peservoir pressure on said piston during its ntake stroke. v

18. In a pump,thecomhinati m of it cos" drum in said casing having a piston channel and a cam operated piston therein, said channel opening intoisaid casing during the delivery stroke of the pistoma closure for one end of saidchannel durin i the intake stroke of the piston, one face, 0% said piston being exposed to reservoir pressure Within the casing during both strokes of the piston, a pressure shield, a cam slide having a pivotal connection with said piston movably held against said shield by said reservoir pressure during theintake' stroke of the piston. i

19. In a pump, a casing, a drum revoluble Within the casing and having a piston channel and a piston therein, one end of said channel being alternately open to and 'cut olifromcominunication with the casing space as the drum revolves, a segmental cam surface eccentric to'the axisof the drum, and a cam slide movable over said surface and havinga pivotal connection with said piston, the bearing surface of said slide having a depression for applying fluid underfpressure to the slide as it moves onto and leaves the cam surface. 20,131 a pump, the combination of a cam slide having a fluid-receiving depression in its bearing surface and provided with a pivotal connection for a piston, and .a discontinuous cam surface against which the slide is held by fluid pressure,

21." In a pump or fluid motor, the c mloination of a cam slide having a fluid receiv-. ing depression in its hearing surface, and a piston pivotally cpnn'ected thereto.

22. In a umpjonfluid motor, the combination of: a cam slide having a fluid-receiving depression in its bearing surface, guide flanges and roller-hearings on said flanges.

23. In a pump or fluid motor, the coinbination of a cam slide having a fiuid-receiving depression in its bearing surface, guide flanges at its sides, and a piston pivotally connected to said slide.

24. In a pump or fluid motor a cam slide having a fluid-retaining depression" in its bearing surface.

25. In a pump or fluid motor, the combi ing having an inlet and outlet, a revoluble drum having a piston channel opening reservoir pressure Within the casin during notion of a cam slide having a. fluid-receiving depression in its bearing surface, and a yielding pressure rehefdevice In connection sure shields one within and one surroundmg sold drum, the latter having an opening registi'rring with said piston channels on i the delivery stroke of the pistons and other 4 heeled to said pistons and heal openings for admitting fluid to the interior of the drum, and cam slides ivotolly corn 5 against said inner sl ield by liuid pressure Within the cusing during the working stroke o'f'said piston,

23. In a piunp, the combination of a drum provided with a. piston channel opening tlurough the walls of the drum, n corn-op erotcd piston in said channel one face of said piston being continually exposed to the delivery pressure of said pum and means associated with said piston siihject to said delivery pressure for opposing the pressure on said piston during its intake and delivery strok 28. In a pump, the combination of u reciprocating piston having one face exposed to reservoir pressure durin its double stroke and huving both faces suhject to reservoir pressure during its delivery stroke, a stationury surface and u sliding member adapted to he held ap'ainst so id surface by resen voir pressure w ile the piston taking in a charge of fluid, said member engaging said piston and applying thereto reservoir pres sure in opposition to said pressure.

ing witnesses.

29'. In a pump, the combination. of a cusing, a revoluble drum therein provided with an end well and having radinl'piston channels, pistons in said channels provided with corn slides, a stationar cum arm extending Within the drum ind a utting said end well, said arm having cam rooves and 21 segmental cam pressure siield for engaging said slides and reciprocating said pistons, a perforated pressure shield engaging the periphery of said drum, and a stationary crescent shaped pressure shield for relieving fluid pressure on the end Wall of the said drum. i

30. In a pump, the combination of a row. olnblc drum having redial piston channels, pistons in said channels, cam operated bars engaging said pistons to reciprocate the same in the piston channels, and pins'carried by said drum and engaging said bars for steadying or restraining thc'pistons in their movement.

31. In a pump, the combination of a case ing, a revoluhle drum therein provided with a piston channel having a wide opening through its walls into ,the casing, n emu-0perated piston in said channel, and means buck of the piston for cushioning or offsetting the impact of the reservoir pressure that is suddenly exerted on the face of the piston at the commencement of the com pression stroke.

In testimony whereof I have signed this specification in the presence of two subscrib- LEBBEUS H. noonns. Witnesses A. P. Esens, Cniuinns LEAVAY. 

